Bergen-Belsen where the Nazi final solution was in action for two years and slaughtered an accurately documented 70,000+ inmates.
As a front line fighter squadron he, with his fellow pilots, flew from Anson strips just behind the front line and on arrival at Belsen they went to the camp where they set to to help the plight of the victims and clear the horrors of the German killing spree!
One of the first actions was to drive into the town of Belsen where the people clearly knew wxactly what was happening at the camp just up the road, they rounded up the local council and the fit and set them to work stripping the houses in the town of linen, blankets and clothing which they took to the camp and distributed to the inmates.
I have reason to believe this could be Desmond John Watkins, my father, as he was at Belsen at that time
They also set the fit and active townsfolk to the task of cleaning up the camp.
For the young men of the RAF not only were they carrying out their duties as pilots but also working to try to make life survivable for the inmates of the horrors of the camp.
In documenting the survivors, and helping them, it was agreed not to have eye engagement to grant them some dignity. On one occasion my Father was unable to maintain this as taking the date of birth of one victim her date of birth was the same as my Mother’s and when he looked up at the naked, emaciated woman with her shaven head and gaunt and haunted eyes he remembered that face to his death.
Were this camp just a single example perhaps it could be forgiven and overlooked but when you consider there were some 1,600+ such camps CLICK HERE this was a hatred that was all pervading and endemic in Germany where treachery, torture and contempt for life was all too clear – a chauvenism that was only stopped by extreme measures that forced even the civilian populations’ involvement as with Dresden and the firebombing of Hamburg & Hannover, without which the war could well have dragged on.
The man who stumbled on HELL:
His place in history has never been revealed. But a just published memoir by an SAS officer recounts how he uncovered the horrors of Belsen
- Lieutenant John Randall thought iron gates led to a grand country house
- Then he saw figures, dressed in rags, shuffling from a hut
- Trying not to retch at the smell, Randall addressed the prisoners
- Afterwards he noticed the emaciated corpses locked in hideous embraces
- The camp contained 50,000 prisoners, most of all near death
When Lieutenant John Randall first saw the iron gates, he thought they were the entrance to a grand country house. Beyond them led a track that curved into a dark wood of pines and silver birch. Intrigued, Randall ordered his corporal to turn the Jeep to the left.
The safer option would have been to have driven on, but the winged dagger badge on his beret meant that Randall was not that type of man. The regimental motto of the SAS is ‘Who Dares Wins’, and what the 25-year-old dared to do that day would stay with him for the rest of his life.
As the two men headed into the woods, Randall sensed danger, and drew his pistol from his holster. The Jeep drove through the trees, then emerged into the brightness of a vast clearing in which stood numerous ranks of one-storey wooden huts.
Randall saw the SS guards first. Normally, he would have shot those wearing the dreaded uniform on sight, but these men seemed to pose no threat that April morning. Instead, they merely stared at the two SAS men.
Randall’s attention was drawn to something else, the like of which he had never seen. Emerging from the huts was a shuffling group of figures, some of whom were dressed in rags, while others were naked. Their bodies were skeletal, their skin yellow. Rising from them was a hubbub of noise, as they pleaded for the SAS men to help them.
Doing his best not to retch at the smell, Randall stood and addressed the prisoners.
He told them that he was simply the very tip of the Allied advance, and that he would shortly be followed by those who would be able to help.
Although he was not to know it at the time, one of those he spoke to was a 15-year-old Hungarian Jew called Mady Goldgruber.
She had spotted the Jeep through the filthy window of her hut, and despite being extremely weak, had managed to stagger outside.
After spending years in a series of Nazi camps — including Auschwitz — Mady regarded the arrival of these two British soldiers as a miracle.
Aftermath: During the liberation of Belsen in April 1945. S.S. guards were forced to remove the bodies of their victims into lorries on their way to be buried
Before the desperate men, women and children could grab them, the corporal drove off, pulling up some yards away in front of what Randall initially thought was a vast potato patch.
This, though, was no vegetable garden. All that was sown here was death, hundreds of emaciated, naked corpses, locked together in hideous embraces.
On that day — April 15, 1945 — John Randall made history, as he became the first Allied soldier to enter Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in northern Germany. The compound contained more than 50,000 prisoners, nearly all of whom were near to death. Around them lay the corpses of a further 13,000 — proof, if it were needed, of the utter barbarism of the Nazi regime.
Most accounts of Belsen focus on the work of a British officer called Brigadier Llewellyn Glyn Hughes and he has become most closely associated with the liberation of the camp.
Arriving shortly after Randall, it was Glyn Hughes who, as senior medical officer, had the immense responsibility of tending to the sick and cleaning up the camp.
However, as a new book reveals, it was Randall — now 94 years old — who was the first Allied soldier to enter what was undeniably a living hell.
Although he was an officer in the SAS, nothing could have prepared him for what he saw that day. He had been fighting in Europe since parachuting into France in July 1944, during which time he had served as a radio operator alongside the French Resistance.
Together with his driver, Cpl Brown, Randall had also seen action. Early one morning in August, the two had driven into a small village near Epernay in the Champagne region, where they saw a firing squad of SS men lined up.
In front of them, standing against the wall of a church, were six French civilians in blindfolds, all of whom were clearly about to be shot. Randall knew that he had to act quickly, and his elite training kicked in.
He stood up, and took hold of the powerful Vickers machine gun that was mounted on the Jeep. He pulled the trigger, and scores of heavy .50 calibre rounds tore into the SS men. Within a few seconds, the Germans lay either dead or dying.
Today, Randall is modest about the fact that he saved so many French lives in a single, courageous action. When interviewed about the episode, all he says is: ‘We had the satisfaction of eliminating the German patrol.’
It is that modest reticence that has seen Randall described as the ‘last gentleman of the SAS’, and indeed, the epithet fits, even if it may disgruntle other SAS officers and troopers.
However, when Randall arrived at Belsen, he had to summon all his self-control to deal with those who ran the concentration camp.
Those Germans who remained were a minimum staff, but among them was the commandant, Josef Kramer, and Irma Grese, who was in charge of the female prisoners. Kramer had the nerve to approach Randall and to introduce himself and the blonde Grese with a chilling half-smile.
‘To our astonishment he offered us a guided tour of the camp,’ Randall recalled many years later. ‘We followed them. We pushed open the door of one of the huts and were overpowered by the stench.
‘Emaciated figures peered out at us, in fear and surprise, from the rows of bunks. Lying among them, on the same bunks, were dead bodies.’
By now, Randall and his driver had been joined by two other SAS men — Major John Tonkin, and the battle-hardened Sergeant-Major Reg Seekings. As the British left one of the huts, they saw one of the guards beating up a prisoner — the type of event that had taken place every day for the past five years of the camp’s existence.
The German had finally picked the wrong day to do it. A furious Seekings asked permission from Major Tonkin to teach the guard a lesson. Permission was granted. ‘So Reg went over and hit the guard in the face,’ Randall recalled. ‘He got up and was then knocked out by another punch to the head.’
After that, Kramer and Grese were put immediately under arrest. Both were hanged that December, after a trial that shocked the world when it exposed the depths of sadism to which the Nazis had sunk. Witnesses testified to the fact that Grese — nicknamed the ‘Beast of Belsen’ — had even whipped women to death.
Randall left Belsen after only an hour. His reconnaissance mission was still not complete, and it was clear that neither he nor Cpl Brown had the ability to help the prisoners. Not only was there a terrible risk of catching typhus, but the prisoners needed specialist medical care.
That came soon enough, along with two British journalists, one of whom was Richard Dimbleby — father of David and Jonathan.
It was Dimbleby’s harrowing report — which the BBC initially refused to broadcast because executives could not believe the scenes that he described — that brought the attention of the world to the savagery of Belsen.
‘This day at Belsen was the most horrible day of my life,’ Dimbleby reported. ‘I saw it all — furnaces where thousands have been burned alive. The pit — 15ft deep — as big as a tennis court, piled to the top at one end with naked bodies.
‘The British bulldozers — digging a new pit for the hundreds of bodies lying all over the camp days after death. The dark huts, piled with human filth in which the dead and dying are lying together.’
Randall’s war would end when he was fortunate enough to witness Montgomery taking the German surrender, but that short time in Belsen would stay with him for ever.
In particular, the awful smell seemed to linger. ‘The stench was horrific,’ Randall said. ‘It was a mixture of rotting flesh and excrement — a smell that I couldn’t get rid of for weeks. I would wake in the night with this ghastly smell in my nose.’
After leaving the Army, Randall tried to put Belsen behind him. He married, had two children, ran a very successful business consultancy, and then became senior course director at the Institute of Marketing.
However, nearly ten years ago, he was interviewed for a newspaper about his experiences to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Belsen. For a 75-year-old woman called Mady Gerrard living in Wales, the article struck a deep chord, as did the accompanying photograph of the young Lieutenant Randall.
‘I screamed,’ Mady recalled, ‘because in front of my eyes was the face that I had been carrying around in my head for 60 years.’
Mady Gerrard was, of course, Mady Goldgruber. She had survived the war, and had created a new life for herself as a clothes designer in the U.S. and Britain.
She immediately wrote a letter to Randall, and a few days later, he called her at home. ‘Oh my God! Oh my God!’ Mady shouted down the phone. ‘I cannot believe that I am talking with the man who basically saved my life!’
Six decades after their first encounter, John and Mady met in somewhat different circumstances when they had lunch at the Special Forces Club in London. They chatted for three hours.
Typically, John came across as the complete gentleman, and Mady even said to him: ‘You not only turned out to be the most important man in my life, but as a bonus you are a very nice person, too!’
When Mady wrote a book about her life, John wrote the foreword.
In it, he assured readers that nothing could compare to ‘the actual experience of seeing with my own eyes the true horror of the situation at Belsen’.
- The Last Gentleman Of The SAS by John Randall and M J Trow is published by Mainstream at £17.99.
Dirk Bogarde’s as yet another one of the first Allied officers in April 1945 to reach the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany, gave yet another account of the horrors of Belsen which not only was my Father closely involved in at the time, but which should never be forogotten lest future generations become party to such evil ever again – sadly I do not doubt they will as it seems all too clear that the only thing mankind can be counted on to learn from history is that mankind does not learn from history!
Naturally Dirk Bogarde found Belsen to be an experience that had the most profound effect on him and about which he found it difficult to speak for many years afterward. A situation I well remember of my Father and others who witnessed these obscene actions of the Germans first hand!
“I think it was on the 13th of April – I’m not quite sure what the date was” [it was the 15th] “- in ’44” [sic, the camp was liberated on the 15th April 1945, and it was the 20th April 1945 when Bogarde made his visit] “when we opened up Belsen Camp, which was the first concentration camp any of us had seen, we didn’t even know what they were, we’d heard vague rumours that they were. I mean nothing could be worse than that. The gates were opened and then I realised that I was looking at Dante’s Inferno, I mean … I … I still haven’t seen anything as dreadful. And never will. And a girl came up who spoke English, because she recognised one of the badges, and she … her breasts were like, sort of, empty purses, she had no top on, and a pair of man’s pyjamas, you know, the prison pyjamas, and no hair. But I knew she was girl because of her breasts, which were empty. She was I suppose, oh I don’t know, twenty four, twenty five, and we talked, and she was, you know, so excited and thrilled, and all around us there were mountains of dead people, I mean mountains of them, and they were slushy, and they were slimy, so when you walked through them … or walked – you tried not to, but it was like …. well you just walked through them, and she … there was a very nice British MP, and he said ‘Don’t have any more, come away, come away sir, if you don’t mind, because they’ve all got typhoid and you’ll get it, you shouldn’t be here swanning-around’ and she saw in the back of the jeep, the unexpired portion of the daily ration, wrapped in a piece of the Daily Mirror, and she said could she have it, and he” [the MP] “said ‘Don’t give her food, because they eat it immediately and they die, within ten minutes’, but she didn’t want the food, she wanted the piece of Daily Mirror – she hadn’t seen newsprint for about eight years or five years, whatever it was she had been in the camp for. … she was Estonian. … that’s all she wanted. She gave me a big kiss, which was very moving. The corporal” [MP] “was out of his mind and I was just dragged off. I never saw her again, of course she died. I mean, I gather they all did. But, I can’t really describe it very well, I don’t really want to. I went through some of the huts and there were tiers and tiers of rotting people, but some of them who were alive underneath the rot, and were lifting their heads and trying …. …. trying to do the victory thing. That was the worst.”
“After the war I always knew that nothing, nothing, could ever be as bad … … but nothing could frighten me any more, I mean, no man could frighten me any more, no Director … … nothing could be as bad as the war, or the things I saw in the war.”
The horror and revulsion at the cruelty and inhumanity that he witnessed still left him with a deep-seated hostility towards Germany; in the late-1980s he wrote that he would disembark from a lift rather than ride with a German of his generation. Nevertheless, three of Dirk Bogarde’s more memorable film roles were as Germans, one of them as a former SS officer in The Night Porter (1974).
Standing at a height of 6″ 3 this woman was one of the most brutal nazi guards..
Heta Bothe was her name, but through her reign of terror, she was given the name “Sadist of Stutthoff” like many other Nazis killing innocent people, was just a stress reliever or a sport.
Heta was born January 3 1921in Teteburg, Mecklenburg- Schwerin
At 17 she was a helper in her father’s woodshop. She did factory work and for a short time was a nurse in a hospital.
Like many young German girls at that time, she joined up with the “League of German girls “ one of 2 organizations that were created for girls the other was the league of German maidens. These groups were basically the female equivalent of the “Hitler Youth”
By 1943, the Nazis began drafting women because of the shortage of guards. The German word for this position, Aufseherin means female overseer or attendant.
The female guards were normally lower to the middle class.
This would be Herta’s first taste of power.. Ravenbruck was an all-female detention camp that held what were considered deplorable women as well as Jewish female prisoners. Ravenbruck was pure hell. There were 10, 000 women imprisoned there by the end of 1942 and by 1945 it had grown to a staggering 50, 000. these women came from 30 different countries.
After ravenbruck Herta took a 4 week course and went on to become an overseer at Stutthoff a camp outside the town of Danzig.
It was the first German concentration camp set up outside German borders started September 2 1939. It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies , on May 9 1945. About 65,000 Stutthof concentration camp prisoners and its subcamps died as a result of murder, starvation, epidemics, extreme labour conditions, brutal and forced evacuations, and a lack of medical attention.
January 21, 1945, the 24-year-old Bothe accompanied a death march of women prisoners from central Poland to Bergen Belson camp near Celle in northwestern It was not an extermination camp, rather a concentration camp where over 55,000 victims died from typhus, starvation, disease, beatings and other vicious maltreatments. Herta Bothe shared her personal “SS” living quarters at Belsen with fellow wardresses, Charlotte Klein and Gertrude Rheinholt.
Burying bodies at Belson C.C
At 81 Hertas could still recall in detail the punishment from the Allies.They were forced to bury dead prisoners. She complained that they were forbidden to wear gloves The skin of the dead peeled in sheets the body parts of the corpses fell off while being transported to the mass graves.These graves had been dug a few meters away from Belsen . Herta complained that she was in fear of contracting typhus, the bodies were contaminated. The dead weight of some prisoners with flesh still on their bones caused her to have backaches. After all burials were complete, the Belsen camp staff had mass-buried over 17,000 dead victims from within the camp
Herta was arrested and sent to prison in Celle.
Above Herta Bothe 1945 awaiting trial.
While on trial she was accused of being ruthless, her defense was that while she struck prisoners who stole or committed other infractions, she never used a weapon of any kind. She also claimed that she had never killed anyone under her charge.
A former prisoner claimed to have witnessed Bothe beat a Hungarian Jew named Éva to death with a wooden block. Eva had been caught eating potato peels in the kitchen .Another stated that he saw her shoot two prisoners for reasons he could not understand. She was known to carry a stick and took great pleasure in slapping it at prisoners while they carried heavy loads. It was said herta carried a pistol and used it for times of pleasure while terrorizing the inmates.She was said to have shot at them for personal enjoyment, as they scurried by her, attending to their camp chores
Despite the tyranny of her behavior , she was released early from prison on December 22 1951 as an act of leniency by the British government.She served 6 of her 10 year sentence.
Later in life at age 84 while iving in Germany under her married name ( Lange) an interview was granted. Herta became defensive when asked about her decision to be a concentration camp guard. She replied:
Did I make a mistake? No. The mistake was that it was a concentration camp, but I had to go to it, otherwise I would have been put into it myself. That was my mistake.
Herta’s actual death date is unclear. One source says March 2000 at 81 bit she gave an interview at age 84
One thing for sure is she doesn’t appear to have any remorse for her actions.
I include here a link to an outside source which provides the recorded experience of Richard Dimbleby when acting for The BBC, after the liberation when he was sent to Belsen to record his opinions of the camp for the BBC.
When he returned the BBC refused to broadcast it as they believed it was too extreme and fanciful and unacceptable as a documentary! Richard Dimbleby forced them to broadcast it or he would very publicly resign.
Here is his recorded description CLICK HERE
Des Watkins DFC, CdeG avec Palme, CdeG avec Patee 